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Sivakumar, G.

Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India

Abstract Views :233 | PDF Views:80

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Kannan ², S. Ramesh Babu ³, M. Mohan ¹, M. Sampath Kumar ¹, P. Raveendran ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Agricultural Research Station, Borwat Farm, MPUAT, Banswara 327 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 860-864

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect pest of maize in India. Natural occurrence of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) infection on S. frugiperda larvae was recorded in 2018 during surveys conducted in maize fields in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka, and Coimbatore and Tirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu. A strain of S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrNPV NBAIR1) infecting S. frugiperda was isolated from the diseased larvae; morphological and biological characteristics were studied. Electron microscopic studies showed tetrahedral-shaped SpfrNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) of size 1.64 μm. Dose–mortality bioassays revealed that first, second and third instar larvae were equally susceptible (LC₅₀ 3.71–5.02 OBs/mm²) to SpfrNPV infection. A PCR technique for detection of viral DNA in S. frugiperda NPV was developed by employing the polyhedrin gene (polh)-specific primers. The amplicon of 618 bp was amplified, sequenced and NCBI GenBank accession number was obtained (MT422725). Blast analysis revealed that SpfrNPV conserved polh gene sequence matched 100% with the reference GenBank sequence (J04333) from the NCBI database which confirmed the identity of the SpfrNPV.

Keywords

Insect Pests, Maize, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Full Text

Enhanced Insecticide-resistance Spectrum in Green Lacewing Predator, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) And Its Potential Role In The Management Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton

Abstract Views :236 | PDF Views:82

Authors

M. Ashwini ¹, M. Mohan ², G. Sivakumar ², T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 423-428

Abstract

The green lacewing or aphid lion, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) is an important predator of sucking pests, and eggs and neonate larvae of lepiodopteran pests under many crop ecosystems of India. In the present study, enhanced insecticide resistance spectrum in an insecticide-resistant population of C. zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) was evaluated against four commonly used insecticides on cotton. The insecticide resistant C. zastrowi sillemi PTS-8 showed 16.4-, 14.8-, 12.7- and 7.2-fold resistance against chlorpyriphos 20% EC, cypermethrin 10% EC, acetamipirid 20% SP and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC respectively, compared to the susceptible strain. Biochemical assays revealed an elevated level of three major detoxifying enzymes, viz. carboxylesterase (1.48-fold), glutathione S-transferase (1.27-fold) and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (1.36-fold) in PTS-8 strain compared to the susceptible strain. The field survival and biocontrol potential of PTS-8 strain were significantly better on cotton plants treated with recommended dose of insecticides. The study indicated the potential role of insecticide-resistant natural enemies under biointensive IPM programmes to avoid compatibility conflict with insecticides.

Keywords

Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi, Cotton, Detoxifying Enzymes, Insecticide Resistance, Sucking Pests.

Full Text

References

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Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogens on the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (j.e. Smith) in South India

Abstract Views :242 | PDF Views:79

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, M. Kannan ², K. Elango ³, P. Ram Kumar ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹, O. Dhanyakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kodaikanal 624 103, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 619-621

Abstract

No Abstract.

Full Text

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Characterization of granulosis viruses of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)

Abstract Views :185 | PDF Views:78

Authors

M. Kannan ¹, N. Geetha ², K. Elango ³, M. Mohan ⁴, G. Sivakumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
3 Imayam Institute of Agriculture and Technology, Tiruchirappalli 621 206, IN
4 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 570-573

Abstract

A study was undertaken to characterize the granulosis viruses (GVs) of early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane. Scanning electron photomicrographs revealed ovo-cylindrical occlusion bodies (OBs) of GVs in early shoot and internode borers with an average size of 425.03 and 230.21 nm, 387.64 and 208.68 nm in length and breadth respectively. Transmission electron photomicrographs also showed ovo-cylindrical OBs embedded with a rod-shaped virion. The average length and breadth of the virion in the OB was 271.0 ´ 52.6 nm, 257.0 ´ 50.2 nm for early shoot and internode borer GVs respectively. Toxicity studies with the respective GVs revealed lethal concentration values of 4.38, 4.61, 6.89 OBs/mm2 and 1.85, 135.43, 8045.27 OBs/mm2 to second, third and fourth larval instars of Chilo infuscatellus granulosis virus (ChinGV) and Chilo sacchariphagus indicus granulosis virus (ChsaGV) respectively.

Keywords

Early shoot borer, granulosis viruses, internode borer, occlusion bodies, sugarcane, toxicity.

Full Text

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Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula

Abstract Views :199 | PDF Views:86

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Sanjay Yelshetti ¹, M. Kannan ², R. Anandham ³, M. S. Yandigeri ¹, Surabhi Kumari ¹, K. Elango ⁴, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode 638 315, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 8 (2022), Pagination: 958-964

Abstract

Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major sucking insect pest of cotton in India. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to the development of resistance to most of the recommended pesticide groups. Though there are multiple mechanisms and principles of insecticide resistance development in insects, the gut bacterial-mediated degradation of insecticides is relatively less explored. In the present study, the gut bacteria of field-collected, insecticide-resistant population of A. biguttula biguttula were compared with a laboratory-reared susceptible population. Among the five culturable gut bacteria from the imidacloprid-resistant population, only Enterococcus silesiacus CLHG1a exhibited growth in the agar medium amended with 50 and 100 ppm of imidacloprid. The imidacloprid degrading capacity of E. silesiacus CLHG1a was further confirmed by HPLC analysis. E. silesiacus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CLHG2 showed higher esterolytic activity (0.348 and 0.309 mmoles/min/mg respectively). The esterase zymogram on native PAGE revealed a single major band. This study provides clear evidence that the bacterium E. silesiacus isolated from the gut of A. biguttula biguttula has the ability to degrade imidacloprid and may have played a role in the detoxification of pesticides.

Keywords

Cotton, detoxification, esterase activity, gut microflora, insecticide resistance, leafhopper.

Full Text

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Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism in an insecticide-resistant population of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its parasitizing efficiency against invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

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Authors

Priyanka Dupatne ¹, T. Venkatesan ², Omprakash Navik ³, M. Mohan ³, K. M. Venugopal ³, Basavaarya ³, V. Linga ³, Y. Lalitha ³, G. Sivakumar ³, M. Ashwini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, India, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 115-122

Abstract

Trichogramma chilonis is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests and widely used in biological control and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the cross-resistance in multiple insecticide-tolerant strain of T. chilonis was evaluated against chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, spinetoram 11.7% SC and thiamethoxam 12.6% + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC. Bioassay studies revealed the highest resistance level against chlorantraniliprole (8.83-fold resistance) over the susceptible population, followed by spinetoram (2.41-fold). Metabolic enzymes carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase showed major involvement in the resistant populations, with the highest activity observed against chlorantraniliprole, followed by spinetoram. The resistant population at field recommended doses of chlorantraniliprole (400 ppm), parasitized 52.92% and 44.10% of Corcyra cephalonica and Spodoptera frugiperda eggs respectively, compared to 15.48% and 9.6% parasitism by the susceptible population. Integration and utilization of resistant strains of T. chilonis in IPM programmes can provide improved control of insect pests under insecticide-sprayed conditions and may reduce the insecticide load on crops

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